Large heat pumps in district heating systems. A state-of-the-art study
Huhtinen, Markku; Mier González, Raquel; Pöntynen, Leena (2023)
Savonia-ammattikorkeakoulu
2023
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2024061955510
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2024061955510
Tiivistelmä
The goal of Finland's energy policy is to gradually decrease the use of fossil fuels in energy production and move towards an emission-free energy system. In the district heating sector, the goal is to promote fossil fuel free heat production, to promote the use of related technologies such as waste heat recovery, heat storage and heat pump technologies. This state-of-the-art-study includes a review of prominent manufactures of large heat pumps as well as case studies of realized district heating heat pumps in Nordic countries.
In Finland in 2022 the share fossil fuels in district heating was 34 % and the share of heat recovery 13.2 % of which 3.8 % was realized with heat pumps. The present market share of heat pumps in district heating in other Nordic countries is also reviewed in this state-of-the-art-study.
The study also describes the development of district heating and cooling from the 1st to the 5th generation, and the role of heat pumps in it. In 4th generation district heating system, which is currently being developed, the aim is to lower the distribution temperature and increase share of renewables and waste heat either directly or with heat pumps in district heat production. Expanding district cooling networks, increasing number of data centres and in near future also PtX-plants increase amount of available waste heat.
District heating systems with increasing amount of electricity boilers, heat pumps and large thermal energy storage systems and with existing CHP-plants will have an important role in future energy
production system, because they can efficiently balance the electricity production alternations of wind and solar electricity.
According to the fossil free scenario used in HCIP-NS-project, it was estimated that all fossil fuels used 2022 in Finland to produce district heat could be replaced either with biofuels or with electricity boilers or heat pumps using mainly surplus electricity produced with wind turbines. The share of large heat pumps in district heat production would be in fossil free scenario in Finland in 2030 12 %, and the installed capacity of heat pumps in district heat production would rise from 300 MW (2022) to 1,000 MW (2030).
This state-of-the-art study on large-scale heat pumps has been written within the project Heat Circulation Innovation Platform North-Savo (HCIP-NS) realized from 1.8.2021 to 30.10.2023. The project was realized by Savonia UAS Energy Research Centre organisation at Varkaus Campus.
In Finland in 2022 the share fossil fuels in district heating was 34 % and the share of heat recovery 13.2 % of which 3.8 % was realized with heat pumps. The present market share of heat pumps in district heating in other Nordic countries is also reviewed in this state-of-the-art-study.
The study also describes the development of district heating and cooling from the 1st to the 5th generation, and the role of heat pumps in it. In 4th generation district heating system, which is currently being developed, the aim is to lower the distribution temperature and increase share of renewables and waste heat either directly or with heat pumps in district heat production. Expanding district cooling networks, increasing number of data centres and in near future also PtX-plants increase amount of available waste heat.
District heating systems with increasing amount of electricity boilers, heat pumps and large thermal energy storage systems and with existing CHP-plants will have an important role in future energy
production system, because they can efficiently balance the electricity production alternations of wind and solar electricity.
According to the fossil free scenario used in HCIP-NS-project, it was estimated that all fossil fuels used 2022 in Finland to produce district heat could be replaced either with biofuels or with electricity boilers or heat pumps using mainly surplus electricity produced with wind turbines. The share of large heat pumps in district heat production would be in fossil free scenario in Finland in 2030 12 %, and the installed capacity of heat pumps in district heat production would rise from 300 MW (2022) to 1,000 MW (2030).
This state-of-the-art study on large-scale heat pumps has been written within the project Heat Circulation Innovation Platform North-Savo (HCIP-NS) realized from 1.8.2021 to 30.10.2023. The project was realized by Savonia UAS Energy Research Centre organisation at Varkaus Campus.